此文为李俭律师于二零二三年二月在迪拜环太平洋律师协会（IPBA）第31届年会中的演讲内容，现整理为文字版，供大家参考、交流。
“发展中的中国商事仲裁”
Developing commercial arbitration in China
The development situation of China's arbitration industry国际仲裁权威研究机构——英国玛丽女王大学发布的《2021年国际仲裁调查报告》显示，北京与上海均已成为全球最受欢迎的十大仲裁地之一，中国仲裁的国际影响力显著提升。According to the 2021 International Arbitration Survey Report released by Queen Mary University of England, both Beijing and Shanghai have become one of the top ten most popular arbitration places in the world, and the international influence of China's arbitration has significantly increased.来自司法部的数据显示，截至2021年底，全国已设立仲裁机构274家，累计办理案件400余万件，涉案标的额5.8万亿元，涉外仲裁案件当事人涵盖100多个国家和地区。Data from the Ministry of Justice showed that by the end of 2021, 274 arbitration institutions had been established nationwide throughout China, with more than 4 million cases handled, with a target amount of 5.8 trillion yuan. The parties involved in foreign-related arbitration cases covered more than 100 countries and regions.司法部副部长熊选国在2021年9月举行的2022中国仲裁高峰论坛暨第二届贸仲全球仲裁员大会上表示，司法部要将统筹推进国际商事仲裁中心建设试点工作，作为新时期大力加强涉外法律服务工作的战略性任务。Xiong Xuanguo, Vice Minister of Justice, was cited as saying at the 2022 China Arbitration Summit Forum and the second Global Arbitrator Conference held in September 2021 that the Ministry of Justice will promote the pilot work of the construction of international commercial arbitration centers as a strategic task to strengthen foreign-related legal services in the new era.
China's commercial arbitration is fully internationalized, and constantly in line with the international standardsArbitration rules have been constantly improved and gradually come in line with international standards司法部于2021年7月30日公布《中华人民共和国仲裁法（修订）（征求意见稿）》，广泛借鉴《联合国国际贸易法委员会国际商事仲裁示范法》等国际立法经验及过去近三十年来的司法实践。On July 30,2021, the Ministry of Justice promulgated the Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China (Revised) (Draft) on July 30,2021, drawing on the international legislative experience of the UN Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration and the judicial practice in the past 30 years.从整体上看，《仲裁法修订草案》保留了原仲裁法的章节设置，但借鉴了《示范法》和其他国家立法经验，积极与国际通行惯例接轨，删去了部分不适应仲裁实践的落后规定，同时也创设了适应中国实践的规则。具体规则修订涵盖总则、仲裁协议、仲裁程序、仲裁执行、仲裁机构管理以及与其他法律衔接等多个方面。本次修订的要点：第一，《仲裁法修订草案》完善了仲裁制度的总则规定，明确仲裁法“促进国际经济交往”的立法宗旨和“支持仲裁”的法律原则。第二，明确以当事人仲裁合意为核心判断仲裁协议效力，充分尊重当事人意思自治。第三，明确支持仲裁庭自裁管辖原则。仲裁庭自裁管辖原则是支撑仲裁的最根本原则之一，也是国际上仲裁立法实践的普遍共识。此次《仲裁法修订草案》接受了以《示范法》为代表的国际通行惯例，引入了仲裁庭自裁管辖原则，将决定管辖权问题的权力明确交由仲裁庭。未经仲裁庭决定而直接向法院提出管辖权异议的，法院将不予受理。此外，《仲裁法修订草案》还纳入了一系列额外保障仲裁庭自裁管辖原则的规定。第五，提升对外开放水平，明确外国仲裁机构可以在中国设立业务机构，也允许涉外案件当事人选择专设仲裁庭仲裁。第六，将“违背社会公共利益”作为不予执行国内和涉外案件裁决的唯一事由，明确了案外人的救济路径，增加承认和执行外国仲裁裁决的条款。On the whole, the revised draft of the Arbitration Law retains the chapter setting of the original Arbitration Law, but drawing on the Model Law and the legislative experience of other countries, it actively complies with international common practices, removes some backward provisions that are not suitable for arbitration practice, and creates rules that are adapted to China's practice. The revision of specific rules covers general provisions, arbitration agreements, arbitration procedures, enforcement of arbitration, management of arbitration institutions and connection with other laws.The key points of this revision are as follows:First, the revised draft of the arbitration Law improves the general provisions of the arbitration system, and clarifies the legislative purpose of the arbitration law of "promoting international economic exchanges" and the legal principle of "supporting arbitration".Second, the revision makes it clear that the validity of the arbitration agreement is the core of the parties and fully respect the autonomy of will of the parties.Third, It explicitly supports the principle of self-arbitration jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal. The principle of self-arbitration jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal is one of the most fundamental principles supporting the arbitration, and it is also the common consensus of the international arbitration legislation practice.The revised draft of the Arbitration Law accepted the common international practice represented by the Model Law, introduced the principle of self-arbitration jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal, and clearly delegated the power to the arbitral tribunal. If the objection directly raises to the court without the decision of the arbitration tribunal, the court will not accept the objection.In addition, the draft amendment of the Arbitration Law also includes a series of additional provisions guaranteeing the principle of self-arbitration jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal.Fourth, the arbitration tribunal is given the power to take temporary measures.Fifth, improve the level of opening up to the outside world, make it clear that foreign arbitration institutions can set up business offices in China, and allow the parties to foreign cases to choose a special arbitral tribunal for arbitration. Sixth, "violating social and public interests" is taken as the sole reason for refusing to implement the adjudication of domestic and foreign cases, the relief path for outsiders is clarified, and provisions on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration awards are added.继内地与香港特别行政区签署《最高人民法院关于内地与香港特别行政区相互执行仲裁裁决的补充安排》后，最高院也与澳门特别行政区政府就《关于内地与澳门特别行政区就仲裁程序相互协助保全的安排》的文本展开磋商。Following the signing of the Supplementary Arrangement of the Supreme People's Court on the Mutual Implementation of the Mainland and HKSAR Arbitration Awards, the Supreme People's Court and the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region held consultations on the text of the Arrangement on the Protection of the Mainland and the Macao Special Administrative Region.与此同时，中国仲裁机构也积极接轨国际商事仲裁规则。如，北仲在2021年修订仲裁规则，明确网上开庭、电子送达效力等问题，增加首席仲裁员的产生方式，并调低机构收费封顶金额。中国海事仲裁委员会、国际商会仲裁院亦修订仲裁规则，《联合国国际贸易法委员会快速仲裁规则》正式生效。Simultaneously, Chinese arbitration institutions are also actively integrating with international commercial arbitration rules. For example, in 2021, clarify issues such as online court hearings and electronic service, increase the generation of chief arbitrators, and reduce the maximum amount of institutional fees. The China Maritime Arbitration Commission and the Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce also revised the arbitration rules accordingly, and the Rapid Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law came into effect.2.市场准入不断开放，鼓励国际仲裁机构进入中国、中国仲裁机构走向世界Market access has been continuously opened up, and international arbitration institutions are encouraged to enter into China and Chinese arbitration institutions to step towards the world.除《仲裁法修订草案》以外，我国从中央到地方都纷纷出台规范性文件，在国际仲裁机构市场准入和仲裁实践方面发力，促进商事仲裁的国际化发展，允许境外仲裁机构在北京、上海、海南、川渝地区、大湾区等各大自由贸易试点区域设立业务机构并且制定了一系列的有关境外仲裁机构在当地司法行政部门登记备案的程序细则。如北京市司法局发布《境外仲裁机构在中国(北京)自由贸易试验区设立业务机构登记管理办法》，完善境外仲裁机构在京开办业务机构的规定。中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会发布《“一带一路”仲裁机构北京联合宣言合作机制》。中亚非法律协商组织在中国香港设立仲裁中心。In addition to the revised draft arbitration law, our country from the central to local have issued normative documents, in the international arbitration institutions market access and arbitration practice, promote the development of the internationalization of commercial arbitration, allowing overseas arbitration institutions in Beijing, Shanghai, Hainan, each region, large bay area and other major free trade pilot area set up business institutions and formulated a series of relevant overseas arbitration institutions in the local judicial administrative department of the registration procedure rules.For example, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Justice issued the Measures for the Registration and Administration of The Establishment of Business Institutions in China (Beijing) Pilot Free Trade Zone, improving the provisions of overseas arbitration institutions to establish business institutions in Beijing. The China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission issued the Beijing Joint Declaration of the Belt and Road Arbitration Institutions. Central Asia non-legal consultative organizations have set up an arbitration center in Hong Kong, China.More and more arbitration institutions are actively integrating with the practice of international commercial arbitration.证监会及司法部发布《关于依法开展证券期货行业仲裁试点的意见》，积极支持引导证券期货争议当事人主动选择仲裁作为争议解决方式。如，北京仲裁委员会/北京国际仲裁中心（以下简称北仲）于2021年修订了仲裁规则，明确了诸如电子送达效力等问题，同时也发布了仲裁员小时计费的操作指引。The CSRC and the Ministry of Justice issued the Opinions on the Pilot Implementation of Arbitration in the Securities and Futures Industry in accordance with the Law, actively supporting and guiding the parties to securities and futures disputes to actively choose arbitration as the way of dispute resolution. For example, the Beijing Arbitration Commission / Beijing International Arbitration Center (hereinafter referred to as Beijing Zhong) revised the arbitration rules in 2021 to clarify issues such as the effectiveness of electronic service and issued operating guidelines on hourly billing for arbitrators.4.在仲裁司法审查案件中，各级法院继续秉持司法谦抑、支持仲裁的原则，为仲裁事业发展保驾护航。在案件审查中充分尊重仲裁机构的裁决，除非涉及程序问题或公共政策，否则不轻易干预仲裁。In the judicial review of arbitration cases, the courts at all levels continue to uphold the principle of judicial humility and support for arbitration, to escort the development of the arbitration cause. The award of the arbitration body gives full deference in the review of the case and does not readily interfere with arbitration unless procedural issues or public policy are involved.
